make test
...
db=# select * from "user";
1 | username | password
2 | username | password
小獅：好像。。。會一直重複寫入資料？
老獅：沒錯，不只如此，現在是因為我們只有一個測試會使用到資料庫，想想看，如果你有兩個測試都寫入相同的資料，你又設定該資料是唯一的 (Unique) 時，會發生什麼事情
小獅：寫完第一筆資料以後所有測試都一定跑不過，那怎麼辦，手動刪除可以嗎？
老獅：你想刪到民國幾年？給點建設性的
小獅：我們可以每次都建立新的資料庫，給不同的測試使用
老獅：雖然會慢了一點，但是目前我們沒有效能問題，就先這樣做吧！
老獅：首先，我們為了留存自己手動測試使用的資料庫資料，先來把測試的資料庫與開發用的資料庫分開來，我們就簡單的在原本的資料庫後面加上 _test 來當作測試用的資料庫
# src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py
from unittest import mock
@pytest.fixture
def settings() -> typing.Iterator[config.Settings]:
settings = config.Settings()
settings.DATABASE_URL = settings.DATABASE_URL + "_test"
with mock.patch("core.config.Settings") as Settings:
Settings.return_value = settings
yield settings
make test
# 省略...
E asyncpg.exceptions.InvalidCatalogNameError: database "db_test" does not exist
../../.pyenv/versions/3.8.13/lib/python3.8/asyncio/tasks.py:494: InvalidCatalogNameError
=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py::test_create_and_read_user - asyncpg.exceptions.InvalidCatalogNameError: database "db_test" does not exist
========================= 1 failed, 2 passed in 1.09s ==========================
老獅：很好，他現在去要 db_test 這個資料庫了
小獅：所以我們要在 yield db 以前建立資料庫，CREATE DATABASE 這簡單，我會
老獅：別衝動，我們這邊可以靠 sqlalchemy-utils 來產生對應的語法
小獅：喔，也是為了可以因應不同資料庫轉換的問題嗎？
老獅：沒錯，來安裝吧
fastapi==0.101.1
uvicorn[standard]==0.23.2
python-jose[cryptography]==3.3.0
pydantic-settings==2.0.3
sqlalchemy[asyncio]==2.0.20
asyncpg==0.28.0
alembic==1.12.0
sqlalchemy-utils==0.41.1
make pip
老獅：接下來我們就可以來建立他了，當然，跑完測試我們就把它刪掉，記得使用它
# src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py
from sqlalchemy_utils import functions
@pytest.fixture
async def gen_db(
settings: config.Settings,
) -> None:
engine = sqlalchemy_asyncio.create_async_engine(
settings.DATABASE_URL,
echo=True,
)
sessionmaker = orm.sessionmaker(
bind=engine,
autocommit=False,
autoflush=False,
expire_on_commit=False,
class_=sqlalchemy_asyncio.AsyncSession,
)
async with sessionmaker() as session:
async with session as db:
await db.run_sync(
lambda _: (functions.create_database(settings.DATABASE_URL))
)
yield
async with session as db:
await db.close()
await db.run_sync(
lambda _: (functions.drop_database(settings.DATABASE_URL))
)
@pytest.fixture
async def db(
settings: config.Settings,
# 使用 gen_db
gen_db: None,
) -> typing.AsyncIterator[sqlalchemy_asyncio.AsyncSession]:
# 省略
make test
...省略
> raise translated_error from error
E sqlalchemy.exc.ProgrammingError: (sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql.asyncpg.ProgrammingError) <class 'asyncpg.exceptions.UndefinedTableError'>: relation "user" does not exist
E [SQL: INSERT INTO "user" (username, password) VALUES ($1::VARCHAR, $2::VARCHAR) RETURNING "user".id]
E [parameters: ('username', 'password')]
E (Background on this error at: https://sqlalche.me/e/20/f405)
venv/lib/python3.8/site-packages/sqlalchemy/dialects/postgresql/asyncpg.py:802: ProgrammingError
老獅：可以看到現在回歸到沒有資料表的錯誤了
小獅：再來就是做 migrate 對吧
老獅：沒錯
老獅：我們的目標就是 src/app/migrations/env.py 中 do_run_migrations，只要讓他在測試前跑過，我們要的資料表就應該要產生，當然，你要先做出最新版本的 migration 檔案，不過這邊就先假定你都會記得手動建立 migration 檔案
# src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py
import pathlib
@pytest.fixture
async def migrate(
settings: config.Settings,
gen_db: None,
) -> typing.AsyncIterator[None]:
from alembic import config as alembic_config
from alembic.runtime.environment import EnvironmentContext
from alembic.script import ScriptDirectory
# 強制指定 alembic.ini
alembic_cfg = alembic_config.Config(file_=str(pathlib.Path("src/app/alembic.ini")))
# 強制指定 migrations 的資料夾
alembic_cfg.set_main_option(
"script_location", str(pathlib.Path("src/app/migrations"))
)
script = ScriptDirectory.from_config(alembic_cfg)
def upgrade(rev, context):
return script._upgrade_revs("heads", rev)
context_kwargs = dict(
config=alembic_cfg,
script=script,
)
upgrade_kwargs = dict(fn=upgrade, starting_rev=None, destination_rev="heads")
with EnvironmentContext(**upgrade_kwargs, **context_kwargs):
from app.migrations import env
# 跑起來！
await env.run_async_migrations()
yield
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_create_and_read_user(
# 記得使用喔！
migrate: None,
db: sqlalchemy_asyncio.AsyncSession,
):
make test
# 省略
with EnvironmentContext(**upgrade_kwargs, **context_kwargs):
> from app.migrations import env
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
src/app/migrations/env.py:100: in <module>
run_migrations_online()
src/app/migrations/env.py:92: in run_migrations_online
asyncio.run(run_async_migrations())
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
# 省略
if events._get_running_loop() is not None:
> raise RuntimeError(
"asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop")
E RuntimeError: asyncio.run() cannot be called from a running event loop
../../.pyenv/versions/3.8.13/lib/python3.8/asyncio/runners.py:33: RuntimeError
小獅：import env 他幹嘛跑去執行 run_migrations_online?
老獅：因為他原本設定是 import 時就去跑，這樣當作 script 來用，我們把它改掉，當測試時不會跑
小獅：怎麼做？
老獅：我們可以指定程式的 MODE 然後，他不是有用到我們的 Settings 嗎？
小獅：恩？把 MODE 塞在 Settings 然後用它當 flag？
老獅：沒錯
# src/core/config.py
import pathlib
import typing
import pydantic_settings
PROJECT_PATH = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent.parent
print(PROJECT_PATH)
class Settings(pydantic_settings.BaseSettings):
authjwt_secret_key: str = "secret"
DATABASE_URL: str
MODE: typing.Literal["test", "development", "production"] = "development"
model_config = pydantic_settings.SettingsConfigDict(
env_file=PROJECT_PATH / ".env",
extra="ignore",
)
# src/app/migrations/env.py
# 省略請拉到最下面
if context.is_offline_mode():
run_migrations_offline()
# 如果 MODE == "test" 就啥都不做
elif core_config.Settings().MODE == "test":
pass
else:
run_migrations_online()
# src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py
@pytest.fixture
def settings() -> typing.Iterator[config.Settings]:
settings = config.Settings()
settings.DATABASE_URL = settings.DATABASE_URL + "_test"
settings.MODE = "test"
with mock.patch("core.config.Settings") as Settings:
Settings.return_value = settings
yield settings
make test
pytest .
============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.8.13, pytest-7.4.0, pluggy-1.3.0
rootdir: /Users/super/project/impl-fastit
configfile: pyproject.toml
plugins: anyio-4.0.0, asyncio-0.21.1
asyncio: mode=auto
collected 3 items
src/tests/test_main.py . [ 33%]
src/tests/test_services/test_token.py . [ 66%]
src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py . [100%]
============================== 3 passed in 0.88s ===============================
小獅：耶！可以提交拉！
git add src/tests/test_units/test_users_crud.py
git add requirements/base.in
git add requirements/base.txt
git add src/app/migrations/env.py
git add src/core/config.py
git m "test: user CRUD"
.
├── Makefile
├── docker-compose.yml
├── fake_pytest.py
├── pyproject.toml
├── requirements
│ ├── base.in # 修改
│ ├── base.txt # 修改
│ ├── development.in
│ └── development.txt
├── requirements.txt
├── setup.cfg
└── src
├── app
│ ├── alembic.ini
│ ├── api
│ │ └── v1
│ │ ├── endpoints
│ │ │ └── auth
│ │ │ └── users
│ │ │ └── tokens.py
│ │ └── routers.py
│ ├── crud
│ ├── db
│ │ └── bases.py
│ ├── main.py
│ ├── migrations
│ │ ├── README
│ │ ├── env.py # 修改
│ │ ├── script.py.mako
│ │ └── versions
│ │ └── b130fb2851db_add_user_table.py
│ ├── models
│ │ └── auth.py
│ └── schemas
│ └── health_check.py
├── core
│ └── config.py # 修改
├── scripts
└── tests
├── test_main.py
├── test_services
│ └── test_token.py
└── test_units
└── test_users_crud.py # 新增
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